Predators kill and consume prey. but also scare living prey. Fitness of prey can be reduced by direct killing and consumption. but also by non-consumptive effects (NCEs) if prey show costly risk-induced trait responses (RITRs) to predators. https://www.nacrack.com/flash-choice-Netgear-Nighthawk-LTE-Mobile-Hotspot-Router-Mobile-Hotspot-LTE-BRAND-NEW-p8608-best-super/